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NEW QUESTION: 1
A user is having difficulty installing a program in Windows Vista, as the computer appears to stall prior to the installation. Which of the following is the BEST choice of why this is occurring?
A. BitLocker is scanning for corrupt software.
B. Aero Settings are not enabled.
C. Power Settings need to be enabled.
D. UAC is waiting for user input.
Answer: D

NEW QUESTION: 2
You have a computer that runs Windows 7.
You create an application shim for a third-party application by using the Microsoft Application Compatibility Toolkit (ACT).
You need to ensure that the application shim is applied the next time you run the application.
What should you do first?
A. Right-click the application executable file and modify the compatibility settings.
B. Right-click the application executable file and modify the advanced security settings.
C. Run Sdbinst.exe.
D. Run Msiexec.exe.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Deploying a custom shim database to users requires the following two actions: Placing the custom shim database (*.sdb file) in a location to which the user's computer has access (either- locally or on the network)- Calling the sdbinst.exe command-line utility to install the custom shim database locally
Demystifying Shims - or - Using the Application Compatibility Toolkit to make your old stuff work with your new stuff
What is a Shim? A shim is one of the very few four-letter words in use by Microsoft that isn't an acronym of some sort. It's a metaphor based on the English language word shim, which is an engineering term used to describe a piece of wood or metal that is inserted between two objects to make them fit together better. In computer programming, a shim is a small library which transparently intercepts an API, changes the parameters passed, handles the operation itself, or redirects the operation elsewhere. Shims can also be used for running programs on different software platforms than they were developed for.
How Shims work The Shim Infrastructure implements a form of Application Programming Interface (API) hooking. The Windows API is implemented using a collection of DLLs. Each application built for Windows imports these DLLs, and maintains a table of the address of each of these functions in memory. Because the address of the Windows functionality is sitting in a table, it is straightforward for the shim engine to replace this address with the address of the shim DLL instead. The application is generally unaware that the request is going to a shim DLL instead of to Windows itself, and Windows is unaware that the request is coming from a source other than the application (because the shim DLL is just another DLL inside the application's process). In this particular case, the two objects are the application program and Windows, and the shim is additional code that causes the two to behave better together, as shown below:

Figure 1 Before the shim is applied, the application interacts directly with Windows.

Figure 2 After the shim is applied, the application interacts with Windows indirectly; the
shim code is injected and can modify the request to Windows, the response from Windows,
or both.
Specifically, it leverages the nature of linking to redirect API calls from Windows to
alternative code-the Shim. Calls to external binary files take place through the Import
Address Table (IAT). Consequently, a call into Windows looks like:

Figure 1 Application calling into Windows through the IAT Specifically, you can modify the address of the Windows function resolved in the import table, and then replace it with a pointer to a function in the alternate shim code, as shown in
Figure 2

This redirection happens for statically linked .dll files when the application is loaded. You can also shim dynamically linked .dll files by hooking the GetProcAddress API. Why Should we be using Shims This is the cost-saving route-help the application by modifying calls to the operating system before they get there. You can fix applications without access to the source code, or without changing them at all. You incur a minimal amount of additional management overhead (for the shim database), and you can fix a reasonable number of applications this way. The downside is support as most vendors don't support shimmed applications. You can't fix every application using shims. Most people typically consider shims for applications where the vendor is out of business, the software isn't strategic enough to necessitate support, or they just want to buy some time. For example, a very commonly used shim is a version-lie shim. To implement this shim, we intercept several APIs that are used to determine which version of Windows the application is running on. Normally, this information is passed on to Windows itself, and it answers truthfully. With the shim applied, however, these APIs are intercepted. Instead of passing on the request to Windows, a different version of Windows is returned (for example, Windows XP instead of Windows 7). If the application is programmed to run only on Windows XP, this is a way to trick the application into believing it's running on the correct OS. (Frequently this is all that is necessary to resolve an application compatibility problem!) There are a huge number of tricks you can play with shims. For example: The ForceAdminAccess shim tries to trick the application into believing that the current user is a member of the local Administrator group, even if he is not. (Many applications outright fail if you are not a local administrator, though you may be able to use other tricks, such as UAC File and Registry Virtualization, to resolve the issues that caused the check in the first place.) How it implements this check can be fairly straightforward. For example, this shim intercepts the API IsUserAnAdmin from shell32.dll. The complete source code of the shimmed function (which has wonderful performance characteristics compared to the actual API) is simply return TRUE. The WrpMitigation shim tricks application installers into believing they can write to files that are protected by Windows Resource Protection (WRP). If you try to write to a file that's protected, the shim first creates a new temporary file, marks it to be deleted once the handle is closed, and then returns the handle to the temporary file as if it were the actual protected file. The application installs the crusty old version of kernel32.dll or shell32.dll (or whichever other file it picked up while it was being packaged) into a temp file, but then that temp file goes away and the matching, patched, up-to-date version of the protected file remains on the file system. So, WRP can still ensure that you don't end up with an ancient copy of shell32.dll from Windows 95 on your computer, but the installer won't fail with ACCESS_DENIED when you use this shim. The CorrectFilePaths shim can redirect files from one location to another. So, if you have an application that is trying to write to c:\myprogramdir (which isn't automatically fixed using UAC File and Registry Virtualization), you can redirect the files that are modified at runtime to a per-user location. This allows you to run as a standard user without having to loosen access control lists (ACLs), because you know your security folks hate it when you loosen ACLs. NOTE: As shims run as user-mode code inside a user-mode application process, you cannot use a shim to fix kernel-mode code. For example, you cannot use shims to resolve compatibility issues with device drivers or with other kernel-mode code. (For example, some antivirus, firewall, and antispyware code runs in kernel mode.)
When can we use a Shim: You acquired the application from a vendor that is no longer in business. Several applications are from vendors that have since gone out of business; so clearly, support is no longer a concern. However, because the source code is not available, shimming is the only option for compatibility mitigation. You developed the application internally. While most customers would prefer to fix all their applications to be natively compatible, there are some scenarios in which the timing does not allow for this. The team may not be able to fix all of them prior to the planned deployment of new version of Windows, so they may choose to shim the applications that can be shimmed and modify the code on the ones where shims are insufficient to resolve the compatibility issue. You acquired the application from a vendor that will eventually be releasing a compatible version, but support is not critical. When an off-the-shelf application is neither business critical nor important, some customers use shims as a stopgap solution. Users could theoretically wait until a compatible version is available, and its absence would not block the deployment, but being able to provide users with a shimmed and functional version can bridge that gap until a compatible version is available.
Creating an Application Compatibility Shim If you are trying to run an application that was created for 2000 or XP and had problems running in Windows 7, you could always turn on compatibility mode for the executable on your machine. However if you are trying to create a shim that could be used on other machines as well, you could use the following instructions to create the shim and send it. It is a very small size and once executed, will always be associated with that executable on that machine.
ACT is the Application Compatibility Toolkit. Download it from here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=24da89e9-b581-47b0-b45e492dd6da2971&displaylang=en
Once we launch the Compatibility Administrator Tool, from Start Menu - Microsoft Application Compatibility Toolkit:

Right-click on New Database:

Choose Application Fix here. In this below dialog, give the application details and the executable you would want to fix:
1.Type the name of the program to fix
2.Type the vendor name
3.Browse to location of executable

When you press the next button, you will get to see the list of the compatibility modes listed by default. If you have an issue with just version incompatibility then choose the version in which the application was working earlier. At this point I have already determined that Windows 2000 compatibility mode will work for this program.
In the list box, scroll down and select "Windows 2000".

In the next window (when you have combination of shims to be chosen). As shown below, you have lots of shims to choose from. Select all the shims which would fix your application.


Click on Finish. This will give you the complete summary of the application and the fixes
applied.
Now you need to save this shim database file (A small database including the shim
information is created), and install it. You can either install it by right-clicking on the shim
and pressing the install button, or by using a command-line option, sdbinst.exe <database.
sdb>.
NOTE: "sdbinst.exe" is already located by default in c:\windows\system32

Once the Application Compatibility Database is installed, we can run the program from the location specified earlier (in the first window). Now the program should be running in the Compatibility mode that you specified during the process.

NEW QUESTION: 3
In the context of Windows Security, what is a 'null' user?
A. An account that has been suspended by the admin
B. A pseudo account that has no username and password
C. A user that has no skills
D. A pseudo account that was created for security administration purpose
Answer: B
Explanation:
NULL sessions take advantage of "features" in the SMB (Server Message Block) protocol that exist primarily for trust relationships. You can establish a NULL session with a Windows host by logging on with a NULL user name and password. Using these NULL connections allows you to gather the following information from the host:
*List of users and groups
*List of machines
*List of shares
*Users and host SID' (Security Identifiers) NULL sessions exist in windows networking to allow:
*Trusted domains to enumerate resources
*Computers outside the domain to authenticate and enumerate users
*The SYSTEM account to authenticate and enumerate resources NetBIOS NULL sessions are enabled by default in Windows NT and 2000. Windows XP and 2003 will allow anonymous enumeration of shares,but not SAM accounts.

NEW QUESTION: 4
Which three options are features of VTP version 3? (Choose three.)
A. VTPv3 uses a primary server concept to avoid configuration revision issues.
B. VTPv3 is not compatible with VTPv1 or VTPv2.
C. VTPv3 has a hidden password option.
D. VTPv3 supports private VLAN mapping.
E. VTPv3 supports 8K VLANs.
F. VTPv3 allows for domain discovery.
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
Key Benefits of VTP Version 3 Much work has gone into improving the usability of VTP version 3 in three major areas: The new version of VTP offers better administrative control over which device is allowed to update other devices' view of the VLAN topology. The chance of unintended and disruptive changes is significantly reduced, and availability is increased. The reduced risk of unintended changes will ease the change process and help speed deployment. Functionality for the VLAN environment has been significantly expanded. Two enhancements are most beneficial for today's networks:
-
In addition to supporting the earlier ISL VLAN range from 1 to 1001, the new version supports
the whole IEEE 802.1Q VLAN range up to 4095.
-
In addition to supporting the concept of normal VLANs, VTP version 3 can transfer information
regarding Private VLAN (PVLAN) structures.
The third area of major improvement is support for databases other than VLAN (for example,
MST).
Brief Background on VTP Version 1 and VTP Version 2 VTP version 1 was developed when only 1k VLANs where available for configuration. A tight internal coupling of the VLAN implementation, the VLAN pruning feature, and the VTP function itself offered an efficient means of implementation. It has proved in the field to reliably support Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI networks via VTP. The use of consistent VLAN naming was a requirement for successful use of VMPS (Vlan Membership Policy Server). VTP ensures the consistency of VLAN names across the VTP domain. Most VMPS implementations are likely to be migrated to a newer, more flexible and feature-rich method. To add support for Token Ring, VTP version 1 was enhanced and called VTP version 2. Certain other minor changes and enhancements were also added at this time. The functional base in VTP version 3 is left unchanged from VTP version 2, so backward compatibility is built in. It is possible, on a per link basis, to automatically discover and support VTP version 2 devices.
VTP version 3 adds a number of enhancements to VTP version 1 and VTP version 2: Support for a structured and secure VLAN environment (Private VLAN, or PVLAN) Support for up to 4k VLANs Feature enhancement beyond support for a single database or VTP instance Protection from unintended database overrides during insertion of new switches Option of clear text or hidden password protection Configuration option on a per port base instead of only a global scheme Optimized resource handling and more efficient transfer of information These new requirements made a new code foundation necessary. The design goal was to make VTP version 3 a versatile vehicle. This was not only for the task of transferring a VLAN DB but also for transferring other databases-for example, the MST database.
Reference http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/switches/ps5718/ps708/solution_guide_c78_508010.ht ml